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weight and performance calculations for the Boeing 707-320C
707-345C PP-VJZ of the VARIG, crashed July 1973 near Paris.
Boeing 707-320C
role : jet airliner
importance : ****
first flight : operational : June 1963
country : United States of America
design :
production : 335 aircraft
general information :
Combined passenger/cargo version, with large cargo door (2.34x3.40m) left in front of the wing and a strengthened floor. The wing was fitted with three-section leading-edge flaps which allowed the deletion of the underfin. Most -320Cs were delivered as passenger aircraft with airlines hoping the cargo door would increase second-hand values. The addition of two additional emergency exits, one on either side aft of the wing raised the maximum passenger exit limit to 219. Max.differential pressure : 0.59 bar.
Length passenger cabin : 33.93m. FAA approval received April 1963
primary users : Air France, South African Airlines, VARIG, PanAm, Egypt Air, Pakistan
Airways
Accommodation:
flight crew : 4 cabin crew : 7
flight crew consist of pilot, co-pilot, navigator and flight engineer
passengers : seating for 151 in two class : 18 first class and 133 coach class seats
( 34 -in pitch) exit limit : 215 passengers, high density seating for 204 passengers
engine : 4 Pratt & Whitney JT3D-3B turbofan engines of 80.17 [KN] (18022.6 [lbf])
Chord at root : 10.33 [m] at tip : 2.84 [m]
dimensions :
wingspan : 44.42 [m], length : 46.61 [m], height : 12.93 [m]
wing area : 279.64 [m^2] fuselage exterior width : 3.76 [m]
weights :
empty weight : 62742 [kg]
operating empty weight : 66406 [kg] max. structural payload : 37924 [kg]
Zero Fuel weight (ZFW) : 104330 [kg] max. landing weight (MLW) : 112037 [kg]
max.take-off weight : 151315 [kg] weight fuel : 72239 [kg] (90299 [litres])
performance :
Max. operating Mach number (Mmo) : 0.91 [Mach] (1010 [km/hr]) at 7620 [m]
max. cruising speed : 966 [km/hr] (Mach 0.90 ) at 10000 [m] (42 [%] power)
economic cruising speed : 886 [km/hr] (Mach 0.82 ) at 10000 [m]
service ceiling : 11885 [m]
range with max fuel and Max.TOW : 9630 [km] (ATA domestic fuel reserves - 370.0 [km] alternate)
description :
cantilever low-wing monoplane with retractable landing gear with nose wheel
Wings : all-metal two spar fail-safe wing structure with two Fowler flaps and one split fillet
flap on each wing with full-span leading edge flaps ,with spoilers airfoil : NACA
sweep angle 3/4 chord: 35.0 [°]
engines attached with pylons to the wing, main landing gear attached to the wings, fuel
tanks in the wings and fuselage
calculation : *1* (dimensions)
wing chord at root : 10.33 [m]
wing chord at tip : 2.84 [m]
taper ratio : 0.275 [ ]
mean wing chord : 6.30 [m]
calculated average wing chord tapered wing with rounded tips: 6.26 [m]
wing aspect ratio : 7.06 []
Oswald factor (e): 0.673 []
seize (span*length*height) : 26770 [m^3]
calculation : *2* (fuel consumption)
oil consumption : 11.7 [kg/hr]
fuel consumption (econ. cruise speed) : 6400.4 [kg/hr] (8000.5 [litre/hr]) at 31 [%] power
distance flown for 1 kg fuel : 0.14 [km/kg] at 10000 [m] height, sfc : 65.0 [kg/KN/h]
total fuel capacity : 90299 [litre] (72239 [kg])
calculation : *3* (weight)
weight engine(s) dry : 8200.0 [kg] = 25.57 [kg/KN]
weight 183 litre oil tank : 15.54 [kg]
oil tank filled with 2.0 litre oil : 1.8 [kg]
oil in engine 3.9 litre oil : 3.5 [kg]
fuel in engine 17.5 litre fuel : 12.83 [kg]
weight fuel lines 147.1 [kg]
weight engine cowling 833.8 [kg]
weight double thrust reversers 545.2 [kg]
total weight propulsion system : 9760 [kg](6.4 [%])
***************************************************************
Accommodation cabin facilities:
typical 2-class cabin layout for 151 passengers : economy : pitch : 86.4 [cm] 34.0 [-in]
( 3+3 ) seating in 26.7 rows
weight seats : 810.0 [kg]
high density seating passengers : 204 [pax] at 6 -abreast seating in 34.0 rows,
pitch 83.6 [cm] 32.9 [-in]
pax density, normal seating : 0.70 [m2/pax], high density seating : 0.52 [m2/pax]
weight 5 lavatories : 71.6 [kg]
weight auxiliary service bar : 35 [kg]
Rear galley of Saha Air 707-3J9C EP-SHV
weight 4 galleys : 205.1 [kg]
The 707 interior was restyled in the 70’s
weight overhead stowage for hand luggage : 52.8 [kg]
weight 3 wardrobe closets : 30.2 [kg]
weight 11 movie screens : 86.3 [kg]
weight 55 windows : 49.8 [kg]
weight 2 (1.83 x 0.88 [m]) main entry doors : 120.9 [kg]
weight 2 (1.63 x 0.85 [m]) service doors : 104.4 [kg]
weight 2 (127x122 cm) freight doors (belly) : 104.1 [kg]
total belly baggage/cargo hold volume : 50.28 [m3]
cabin volume (usable), excluding flight deck : 225 [m3]
passenger compartment volume : 149 [m3]
passenger cabin max.width : 3.55 [m] cabin length : 33.99 [m] cabin height : 2.19 [m]
floor area : 106.2 [m2]
weight cabin facilities : 1670.2 [kg]
safety facilities:
weight 4 type III over wing emergency exits (51x97 cm): 74.0 [kg]
weight 2 type I emergency exits (61x142 cm): 65.5 [kg]
evacuation time with 204 passengers : 42 [sec]
weight 8 hand fire extinguisher : 23 [kg]
weight oxygen masks & oxygen generators : 98.2 [kg]
weight emergency flare installation : 10 [kg]
weight 4 emergency evacuation slides : 129.0 [kg]
weight safety equipment & facilities : 399 [kg]
fuselage construction:
fuselage aluminium frame : 13092 [kg]
floor loading (payload/m2): 357 [kg/m2]
weight rear pressure bulkhead : 204.6 [kg]
fuselage covering ( 399.0 [m2] duraluminium 3.48 [mm]) : 3658.8 [kg]
convertible pax/freighter strengtened floor
weight 2.34 x 3.40 [m] upper deck cargo door : 261.0 [kg]
weight floor beams : 900.3 [kg]
weight cabin furbishing : 936.6 [kg]
weight cabin floor : 1732.3 [kg]
weight (sound proof) isolation : 289.5 [kg]
weight 40082 [litre] main central fuel tanks empty : 2244.6 [kg]
weight empty 181 [litre] potable water tank : 16.0 [kg]
weight empty waste tank : 16.9 [kg]
weight fuselage structure : 23352.6 [kg]
Avionics:
weight radio transceiver equipment : 7.0 [kg]
weight dual cloud-collision radar : 25.0 [kg]
weight Doppler & radio direction finding (RDF) equipment : 5.0 [kg]
Inside the cockpit of 707-3J9C EP-SHV Saha Air
weight Integrated Flight System / auto-pilot : 23.0 [kg]
weight artificial horizons, compass, alti-meters : 7 [kg]
weight engine monitoring gauges & control switches : 12 [kg]
weight avionics : 85.0 [kg]
Systems:
Air-conditioning and pressurization system maintains sea level conditions up to 6550 [m]
and gives equivalent of 2000 [m] at 11200 [m]. pressure differential : 0.59 [bars] (kg/cm2)
pressurized fuselage volume : 408 [m3]
weight air-conditioning and pressurization system : 213 [kg]
weight lighting : 49.8 [kg]
weight 210 bar hydraulic system : 89.2 [kg]
weight engine-driven 40kVA electricity generators : 37.8 [kg]
weight 22Ah battery : 12.0 [kg]
weight controls : 20.1 [kg]
weight systems : 422.3 [kg]
total weight fuselage : 25929 [kg](17.1 [%])
***************************************************************
average Take-off weight : 127691 [kg](84.4 [%])
total weight aluminium ribs (1132 ribs) : 4975 [kg]
weight engine mounts : 160 [kg]
weight 6 wing fuel tanks empty for total 50217 [litre] fuel : 2812 [kg]
weight wing covering (painted aluminium 3.19 [mm]) : 4816 [kg]
total weight aluminium spars (multi-cellular wing structure) : 4975 [kg]
weight wings : 14766 [kg]
weight wing/square meter : 52.81 [kg]
weight thermal leading-edge anti-icing : 48.9 [kg]
weight ailerons (11.24 [m2]) : 297.6 [kg]
weight fin (30.48 [m2]) : 807.0 [kg]
weight rudder (9.69 [m2]) : 246.3 [kg]
weight tailplane (stabilizer) (58.08 [m2]): 1691.5 [kg]
weight elevators (13.94 [m2]): 199.29 [kg]
weight flight control hydraulic servo actuators: 44.6 [kg]
707-3J9C EP-SHG c/n 20830 approaching Tehran- Mehrabad airport July 2009
weight Fowler flaps (44.19 [m2]) : 762.3 [kg]
weight leading edge flaps (14.27 [m2]) : 210.6 [kg]
weight spoilers (12.8 [m2]) : 170.0 [kg]
total weight wing construction : 22217 [kg] (33.5 [%])
*******************************************************************
tire pressure main wheels : 12.68 [Bar] (nitrogen), ply rating : 23 PR
tire speed limit : 364 [km/hr]
total tyre footprint : 0.56 [m2]
Aircraft Classification Number, MTOW on rigid runway and medium subgrade strength (B) : 42 [ ]
Can also operate from unpaved runways subgrade B
wheel pressure : 16644.7 [kg]
weight 8 Dunlop main wheels (1170 [mm] by 407 [mm]) : 1386.3 [kg]
weight 2 nose wheels : 173.3 [kg]
weight multi-disc wheel-brakes : 104.3 [kg]
weight Hydro-air flywheel detector type anti-skid units : 9.0 [kg]
weight oleo-pneumatic shock absorbers : 139.1 [kg]
weight wheel hydraulic operated retraction system : 1381.7 [kg]
weight undercarriage struts (four-wheel bogies) with axle 3645.8 [kg]
total weight landing gear : 6839.5 [kg] (4.5 [%]
*******************************************************************
Unknown 707 pictured at Schiphol airport, Amsterdam
********************************************************************
calculated empty weight : 64746 [kg](42.8 [%])
weight oil for 12.0 hours flying : 158.1 [kg]
weight lifejackets : 68.0 [kg]
weight 3 life rafts : 94.4 [kg]
weight catering : 200.1 [kg]
weight water : 160.1 [kg]
weight crew : 891 [kg]
weight crew lugage,nav.chards,flight doc.,miscell.items : 89 [kg]
operational weight empty : 66406 [kg] (43.9 [%])
********************************************************************
weight 151 passengers : 11627 [kg]
weight luggage : 2416 [kg]
weight cargo : 23881 [kg] (cargo+luggage/m3 belly : 511 [kg/m3])
zero fuel weight (ZFW): 104330 [kg](68.9 [%])
weight fuel for landing (1.2 hours flying) : 7707 [kg]
max. landing weight (MLW): 112037 [kg](74.0 [%])
max. fuel weight : 138645 [kg] (91.6 [%])
payload with max fuel : 136 passengers+luggage 12670 [kg]
published maximum take-off weight : 151315 [kg] (100.0 [%])
calculation : * 4 * (engine power)
power loading (Take-off) : 472 [kg/KN]
power loading (Take-off) 1 PUF: 629 [kg/KN]
max. total take-off power : 320.7 [KN]
calculation : *5* (loads)
manoeuvre load : 8.7 [g] at 1000 [m]
limit load : 2.5 [g] ultimate load : 3.8 [g] load factor : 1.1 [g]
design flight time : 2.65 [hours]
design cycles : 14225 sorties, design hours : 37696 [hours]
max. wing loading (MTOW & flaps retracted) : 541 [kg/m2]
wing stress (2 g) during operation : 175 [N/kg] at 2g emergency manoeuvre
calculation : *6* (angles of attack)
angle of attack zero lift : -1.81 ["]
max. angle of attack (stalling angle, clean) : 13.70 ["]
max. angle of attack (full flaps) : 15.02 ["]
angle of attack at max. speed : 0.77 ["]
calculation : *7* (lift & drag ratios
lift coefficient at angle of attack 0° : 0.15 [ ]
lift coefficient at max. speed : 0.21 [ ]
lift coefficient at max. angle of attack : 1.29 [ ]
max. lift coefficient full flaps : 1.80 [ ]
drag coefficient at max. speed : 0.0242 [ ]
drag coefficient at econ. cruise speed : 0.0282 [ ]
induced drag coefficient at econ. cruise speed : 0.0070 [ ]
drag coefficient (zero lift) : 0.0212 [ ]
lift/drag ratio at max. speed : 8.82 [ ]
calculation : *8* (speeds
take-off safety speed (V2) : 267 [km/u]
take-off (initial climb) speed (Vto) : 318 [km/u]
stalling speed clean at sea-level (OW loaded : 144915 [kg]): 289 [km/u]
max. rate of climb speed : 563 [km/hr] at sea-level
max. endurance speed (Vbe): 492 [km/u] min. fuel/hr : 5534 [kg/hr] at height : 4572 [m]
max. range speed (Vbr): 959 [km/u] min. fuel consumption : 6.6 [kg/km] at
cruise height : 11278 [m]
cruising speed : 966 [km/hr] at 10000 [m] (power:34 [%])
max. operational speed (Mmo) : 1010 [km/hr] (Mach 0.91 ) at 7620 [m] (power:44.3 [%])
airflow at cruise speed per engine : 158.5 [kg/s]
speed of thrust jet : 1582 [km/hr]
initial descent speed 10000 - 7315 [m]: Mach 0.75
descent speed 7315 - 3048 [m]: 537 [km/u]
approach speed 3048 - 500 [m] (clean): 463 [km/u]
stalling speed clean at 500 [m] height at Max.Landing Weight : 112037 [kg]): 261 [km/u]
final approach speed at sea-level with full flaps (normal landing weight) (Vapp): 254 [km/u]
ICAO Aircraft Approach Category (APC) : C
landing speed at sea-level (normal landing weight(Vtd): 111857 [kg]): 224 [km/hr]
Transavia 707-329C PH-TVK c/n 20198, Schiphol airport, Amsterdam, August 1976
stalling speed at sea-level with full flaps (max. landing weight): 195 [km/u]
rate of climb at sea-level ROC (loaded, 74 % power) : 898 [m/min]
rate of climb at 1000 [m] with 1 engine out (PUF/MTOW, 100 % power on remaining engines) : 733 [m/min]
rate of climb at 1000 [m] with 2 engines out (2xPUF / MTOW) : 204 [m/min]
max.rate of descent with landing gear extended, with use of spoilers: 457 [m/min]
calculation : *9* (regarding various performances)
low wheel pressure, can also take off from unpaved runways
take-off distance at sea-level concrete runway : 3130 [m]
ICAO Aerodrome Reference Code : 4D
T-O runway length at sea-level at MTOW 151315 kg, standard day, JT3D-3B engines 8172 kg st ( 80.17 KN), 14° flaps : 11050 ft > 3368 [m], with the previous small cowl doors T-O RW length 11200 ft > 3414 [m]. CAR T-O to 10.7m : 3240m
take-off distance (C.A.R) at sea-level over 10.7 [m] height : 3242 [m]
FAR TO runway length requirement at MTOW, standard day at SL (ASDA): 3368 [m]
Approach speed at MLW 112037 [kg] : 136.5 kts = 253 km/h CAR landing runway length
standard day, sea-level, dry runway : 6300 ft > 1920m
Landing run : 785m Runway length over 15m, sea level, dry runway : 6250 ft > 1905 [m].
(Jane’s all the world aircraft 1970-71 page 286)
landing distance (MLW) : 788 [m]
landing distance (C.A.R.) from 15 [m] at SL, dry runway : 1905 [m]
landing distance (C.A.R.) from 15 [m] at SL, wet runway : 2205 [m]
landing runway length requirements at SL : 1926 [m]
lift/drag ratio : 13.27 [ ]
VARIG 707-345C PP-VJZ interior. In 1971 VARIG had it’s 707-345C interiors modernized to the new “Wide Body Look” with closed overhead luggage storage
climb to 5000 [m] with max payload : 5.15 [min]
climb to 10000 [m] with max payload : 15.86 [min]
descent time from 10000 [m] to 250 [m] : 24.33 [min]
ceiling limited by max. pressure differential 14550 [m]
theoretical ceiling fully loaded (mtow- 60 min.fuel: 144915 [kg] ) : 16800 [m]
calculation *10* (action radius & endurance)
range with max. payload: 6150 [km] with 37924.0 [kg] max. useful load (65.0 [%] fuel)*
range with high density pax: 9000 [km] with 204 passengers (91.2 [%] fuel)*
Range with max. fuel and 26000 lb (11793 kg) payload : 5200nm > 9630 km
range with typical two-class pax: 9781 [km] with 151 passengers (98.1 [%] fuel)*
range with max.fuel : 10000 [km] with 11 crew and 136 passengers and 100.0 [%] fuel*
ferry range : 10585 [km] with 4 crew and zero payload (100.0 [%] fuel)*
max range theoretically with additional fuel tanks total 107295 [litre] fuel : 12231 [km]*
* calculated ranges without fuel reserves
Available Seat Kilometres (ASK) : 1693175 [paskm]
useful load with range 1000km : 37924 [kg]
useful load with range 1000km : 204 passengers
production (theor.max load): 36635 [tonkm/hour]
production (useful load): 36635 [tonkm/hour]
production (passengers): 173830 [paskm/hour]
combi aircraft mail/freight/passengers
oil and fuel consumption per tonkm : 0.175 [kg]
calculation *11* (operating cost)
fuel cost per hour (8000 [litre]):4800 [eur] (22 [pax-km/litre fuel])
fuel cost per seat 1000km flight (180 [pax] 2-class seating): 27.61 [eur/1000PK]
oil cost per hour: 48 [eur]
crew cost per hour : 1500 [eur]
list price 2023 : 172 [mln USD]
average flying hours in 1 year : 3215 [hours] technical life : 12 [year]
real average service life : 14 [years]
economic hours (average real flown hours) : 45010 [hours]
financing interest per flying hour : 1245 [EUR]
write off per flying hour : 3284 [EUR]
time between engine failure : 10307 [hr]
can continue fly on 3 engines, low risk for emergency landing for PUF
workhours per day : 11.30 [hr]
average flight hours till crash : 0.96 [mln hr] (299 service years)
safe flight hours till fatality : 12103 [hr] (3.8 service years)
reservation pax liability/flying hour : 10.64 [SDR*] (13.31 [eur])
insurance cost per hour : 197 [eur]
engine maintenance cost per hour : 225.0 [eur]
wing maintenance cost per hour : 232.2 [eur]
fuselage maintenance cost per hour : 113.65 [eur]
maintenance cost per hour (excluding engines): 1866 [eur]
direct operating cost per hour: 13179 [eur]
Interior of 707-3J9C Saha Air EP-SHV c/n 21125 pictured in 2005 with its original interior with open luggage racks.
DOC per seat 1000km flight (180 [pax] 2-class seating): 75.81 [eur/1000PK]
DOC per seat 1000km flight (high density seating): 66.79 [eur/1000PK]
DOC per kg cargo for a 1000km flight : 0.36 [eur/kg] (= DOC/tonkm)
passenger service charge (depart at Schiphol): 11.34 [eur]
MEA 707-3B4C OD-AFB c/n 20224 was destroyed on 16 June 1982 during the Israeli army operation “Peace for Galilee” against the PLO in Beirut. The airport was shelled and six MEA and TMA Boeing 707 and 720 were destroyed.
security service charge (depart at Schiphol): 10.08 [eur]
airport take-off fee / passenger : 5.02 [eur/pax]
airport landing fee / passenger : 5.02 [eur/pax]
retour ticket price 1000km trip : 236.00 [eur/pax]
price retour ticket Schiphol-Barcelona : 277.70 [eur/pax]
accidents with fatalities > see the accident file
Saha Air 707-3J9C EP-SHE c/n 21127. Kish Air leased the aircraft from Saha Air in the 90’s.
Shortly before landing on Kish Island, on 19 September 1995 a flight attendant took out a gun and hijacked 707-3J9C EP-SHE c/n 21127. Flight from Tehran to Kish Island Airport (KIH) with 164 passengers and 13 crew. The hijacker demanded to fly to Europe. But the plane, which was short on fuel, landed in Israel, Ovda airport (VDA) after both Jordan and Saudi Arabia refused its request to land. There the hijacker surrendered. Location : +- 100m : 29°56’ 22.33”N 34°56’16.50”E
EP-SHE crashed 20 April 2005 Flight IRZ171 with 157 pax and 12 crew. One of the last 707’s used for scheduled passenger flights.
Literature :
Verkeersvliegtuigen (Moussault) page153
Boeing 707/720 Memories (michaelprophet.com)
Jane’s all the world aircraft ’79-’80 page 291
Jane’s all the world aircraft ’70-’71 page 286
DEVELOPMENT_OF_FATIGUE_LIFE_REGULATIONS_BASED_ON_L.pdf
www.aviation-safety.net www.boeing.com
::: | VARIG | ::: Boeing 707-320 (varig-airlines.com)
ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 707-345C PP-VJZ Paris-Orly Airport (ORY) (aviation- safety.net)
https://www.boeing.com/search/results.html?q=airplane+characteristics
Iraqi Airways 707-370C YI-AGF c/n 20890 at Schiphol airport
confidence rating regarding source data : medium – high
DISCLAIMER Above calculations are based on published data, they must be
regarded as indication not as facts.
Calculated performance and weight may not correspond with actual weights
and performances and are assumptions for which no responsibility can be taken.
Calculations are as accurate as possible, they can be fine-tuned when more data
is available, you are welcome to give suggestions and additional information
so we can improve our program. For copyright on drawings/photographs/
content please mail to below mail address
Pakistan Air Force Boeing 707-340C 68-19866 c/n 19866
(c) B van der Zalm 13 August 2023 contact : info.aircraftinvestigation@gmail.com ac jetpax 2020.py python 3.7.4